Medical Cannabis

What is Medical Cannabis

What is Medical Cannabis (Cannabis Based Medical Products)

What is Medical Cannabis? What is it used to treat?

Cannabis Based Medical Products (CBMPs) or Medical Cannabis are medications derived from the cannabis plant, containing cannabidiol (CBD) and/or Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC – which is the psychoactive substance in cannabis). In the UK medical cannabis has been legal since 2018 for the treatment of psychological, neurological, and chronic pain conditions as well as, palliative and/or end of life care: for sake of brevity a full list of conditions treated in the UK is highlighted in eligibility section of this website.

What’s the eligibility criteria?

With cannabis based medical products (CBMPs) being unlicenced, the census would be for patients to evidence unmet clinical needs i.e., their health is not improving despite having ongoing treatment or interventions via conventional healthcare services. It is important for all patients to recognise that due to cannabis containing a psychoactive substance, for the safety of potential patients, if you have any of the diagnosis listed in the exclusion criteria, you will not be eligible. We would advise these patients to liaise with their consultants at the NHS and explore an alternative treatment method to support their health needs.

Patients have a right to a second opinion, provided they do not have any counterindications listed in the exclusion criteria below. Patient’s must be over 18 years of age.

Exclusion Criteria?  

Like all medications, CBMPs is not advisable to use if you struggle from one of the following: –

  • Suffer with high BP (If this is not stable)
  • History of psychosis
  • Diagnosis of schizophrenia
  • Heart condition (Which has NOT been stable for 6+ months)
  • Pregnant or breast-feeding

What are the side effects of medical cannabis?

Side effects of CBMPs include:

  • Drowsiness
  • Confusion
  • Imbalance
  • Euphoria
  • Diarrhea
  • Dry mouth
  • Anxiety and/or Depression
  • Heart Palpitations
  • Psychological Dependence
  • Tolerance
  • Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (CHS)

Adverse reactions include:

  • Headaches
  • Migraines
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea

If you experience an adverse reaction, it is important that you report your symptoms to the MHRA via yellow card, who are the medicines and healthcare products regulatory agency. To report a yellow card, please follow this link and fill out the form: Yellow Card | Making medicines and medical devices safer (mhra.gov.uk). It is also vital that you inform your clinic, to ensure this medication is not prescribed to you again in the future.

Cannabis dependence:

Cannabis dependence is known clinically as cannabis use disorder, and user’s of any form of medicines, including medical cannabis are prone to psychological dependency.

Signs of Psychological dependence include:

  • Not using medications as prescribed -> using more than required or larger dosages and/or more frequently
  • Withdrawal
  • Developed a tolerance and require more
  • Failed repeated attempts to control or stop use
  • Physical or psychological concerns related to use (i.e., respiratory concerns or fluctuation in mood)
  • Missing relevant appointments or work to use
  • Craving for purposes other than prescribed

If you experience any of the following, please get in touch with your prescriber, so that they may manage this concern accordingly.

Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS)

Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, also known as cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, can affect people who are exposed to prolonged, high doses of cannabis: this can also occur with medical cannabis use.

Signs of Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome include:

  • Intense nausea and vomiting
  • Projectile vomiting (can happen without warning, up to 5x an hour)
  • Extreme Diarrhea
  • Lack of appetite
  • Weight loss

Although this is uncommon, if you experience any of the following, please reduce use or stop where possible and urgently alert your prescriber. If symptoms are uncontrollable, please seek urgent medical intervention as you are at risk of dehydration.

Monitoring BP / Warfin prescription

Medical cannabis can for some people cause heart palpations, it is important that people with a history of high blood pressure or a heart condition to be mindful of this, particularly those on warfarin as cannabis can impact the liver enzymes, interacting with other medications. It is important that you work alongside your GP and relevant health care professionals to adequately address your heart.

If you are someone who meets this criterion, regularly monitoring your blood pressure would aid in ensuring your safety and enables you to appropriately reach out for support.

Blood pressure guidance:

Low 90/60 or below Inform GP and clinic, if unwell seek medical attention
Ok 90/60 – 140/90 Continue to monitor – update clinic at FUP appointment
Raised 141/91 – 179/119 Raised, monitor and inform GP and clinic
High 180/120 or more Significant risk, needs urgent review – update GP and clinic

 

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Venue Protocol

The Sanskara Protocol

"Medical Cannabis Friendly Space". Vaporiser with Cannabis Leaf. "This Space is Inclusive towards individuals with a legitimate medical cannabis prescription. Responsible Use Only." Sanskara Logo.
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Reaching out to venues/events can be daunting and while it may seem innocent and of good nature to let the venue/event know of your intentions to bring your medical device and medicine along with you, you may find that the use of the word “cannabis” or “vaporiser” may raise some eyebrows and could provide you with a straight up “NO!”

As this is not ideal, most patients would rather have a positive experience and not be suffering from their condition while out and about. There are some patients who would rather not contact the place they are going as this may be difficult for them for many reasons. However, we have put together a simple step by step guide for patients to ensure they get the answer they should be getting and that the awareness can spread among the general public, in turn supporting those patients that can’t make the initial contact. Using the right language is crucial to ensure a positive experience. 

You can find our list of venues that are inclusive and will respect the rights of patients prescribed cannabis here – Approved Venues

Based on experiences patients have had and our interaction with businesses and the Devon & Cornwall Police, here’s a protocol we recommend patients follow:

Verbal Interactions

Remain calm at all times and stay positive. Ask a family or friend to speak on your behalf if the confrontation is not comfortable for you.

Patient: Hello, I will be required to use a medical device to consume my medication.

Person: (This is when they may ask what the device is)

Patient: Heated Nebuliser is a device used to consume my cannabis based medication prescribed to me by a doctor.

Person: (They may say that there is a no smoking/vaping policy or refute cannabis is legal)

Patient: “I understand that many are not aware of medical cannabis being legal since 2018” (You may wish to present your medication and optionally offer to show the label and an ID) “And as my medical device is a heated nebulising device used for medical purposes, it is exempt from this policy.”

Person: (Still may refuse and may say that others may complain or be jealous for not being able to vape themselves)

Patient: In line with the Equality Act 2010, as a service provider, you must not discriminate and you must treat disabled individuals more favourably than non-disabled individuals. As I have a condition being treated with medication, I fall under this protected characteristic.

If they continue to discriminate or refuse your rights, immediately report this incident to the Police as a hate crime as well as write a report on the Gov.uk website (www.gov.uk/report-hate-crime)

Email Communications (Recommended prior to visit)

Patient Guide: Ensuring a Positive Experience at Venues/Events

 
Step 1: Identify Venue/Event Contact Details
  • Ideally, reach out to the accessibility or safeguarding team for more targeted assistance.
Step 2: Craft a Thoughtful Email Using the Template

Subject: Notice of Intention to Use Medical Device

Dear [Venue/Event Organiser's Name],

I hope this message finds you well. As someone who utilises medical devices for health reasons, I am reaching out to inquire about [Event/Venue Name]'s policy regarding the use of nebulisers on your premises. I wanted to understand the venue's stance on such devices. 

Nebulisers come in different types, each serving various medical requirements:

Ultrasonic nebulizing systems: An assembly of devices designed to generate aerosolized medication/fluids (finely dispersed airborne droplets) for inhalation by a patient with a respiratory disorder [e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF)]. It typically consists of a mains electricity (AC-powered) electronic oscillator, an ultrasound transducer (piezoelectric crystal), a coupling basin, a nebulizer chamber and a fan. A high frequency (e.g., 1-2 MHz) electrical current is applied to the crystal within the oscillator circuit converting it to vibrations which produce sound waves. The coupler (water or saline) transmits the sound waves to the medicated solution in the nebulizing chamber.

Non-heated Nebulizing systems: An assembly of devices designed to generate non-heated aerosolized medication/fluids (finely dispersed airborne droplets in a liquid-phase) intended to be inhaled by a patient with a respiratory disorder [e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF)]. It includes an electrically-powered generator, a reservoir, and a hand-held nebulizing chamber where the nebulization of the medicine usually takes place.

Heated Nebulizing systems: An assembly of devices designed to generate warmed aerosolized medication/fluids (e.g., pharmacological drugs, cannabis-based products for medicinal use) intended to be inhaled by a patient, typically used in the management of respiratory disorders [e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF)] or various other conditions (e.g., chronic pain). It typically consists of an electrically-powered generator, a reservoir, a heating element, dosing capsules, and a hand-held nebulizing/inhalation compartment (e.g., inflatable balloon with mouthpiece).

I appreciate [Event/Venue Name]'s commitment to creating an inclusive environment. To ensure that attendees like myself with medical requirements can participate in events without disruption, I would like clarification on your policy regarding the use of nebuliser devices at the venue.

To assist your understanding, I am ready to provide any additional information or documentation you may require. Thank you for your attention to this matter, and I look forward to a positive response. If you have any questions or need further information, please feel free to contact me.

Sincerely,

[Your Name]

Download Template
Step 3: Record All Responses
  • Keep a record of responses for follow-up communication.
 
Step 4: Follow-Up and Clarify Common Terminology
  • If the response is positive, follow up to clarify common terminology (“Heated Nebulisers” vs. “Dry Herb Vaporisers”).
  • Mention the use of Cannabis-based Products for Medicinal use (CBPM) and specify Medical Cannabis Flower (Bud) consumed using a Heated Nebuliser (Dry Herb Vaporiser).
  • Remind the venue of their policy (if positive) and the Equality Act 2010.
  • Emphasise the intention is not to seek explicit permission but to foster awareness.
 
Step 5: Responding to Negative or Neutral Responses
  • For negative responses, consider sending a polite follow-up, seeking clarification on the reasons for the refusal using the template provided:

Template Email For Negative Response

Dear [Venue/Event Organiser's Name],

Thank you for your prompt response and for taking the time to consider my inquiry regarding the use of nebuliser devices at [Event/Venue Name].

I understand that policies can vary, and I appreciate your diligence in addressing such matters. However, I would like to seek further clarification on the reasons behind the limitation on nebuliser devices at the venue. My primary goal is to foster awareness and ensure a positive and inclusive experience for individuals with medical requirements.

As someone who relies on medical devices for health reasons, it's crucial for me to understand and, if possible, address any concerns the venue may have regarding the use of a heated nebuliser. I am more than willing to provide additional information or documentation to ease any reservations and ensure compliance with venue policies.

Additionally, I would be grateful if you could direct me to the appropriate department or individual who could shed more light on this matter. If there are specific guidelines or protocols in place, I am committed to adhering to them while ensuring my medical needs are met.

Thank you once again for your attention to this matter, and I look forward to any further insights you can provide.

Sincerely,

[Your Name]

Download Template
  •  For neutral responses, ensure the individual has acknowledged the email and forwarded it to the correct department. Follow up directly with the correct department, using the reference number provided, to seek clarification or address concerns. Use this template to assist you:

Template Email for Neutral or No Response

Dear [Venue/Event Organiser's Name],

I trust this email finds you well. I am writing to follow up on my recent inquiry about the use of nebuliser devices at [Venue/Event Name]. As an individual who relies on medical devices for health reasons, fostering inclusivity and ensuring an understanding of diverse health needs is important to me.

I understand that you may receive numerous inquiries, and I appreciate your time and attention to this matter. If you've had an opportunity to review my initial inquiry, I would be grateful for any insights or feedback you can provide. My intention is to ensure that I can participate in events without causing any disruption and to collaborate with venues in achieving this goal.

I am aware that venue policies vary, and I want to assure you that I am open to providing any necessary documentation or information to address any concerns you may have. Your feedback is essential, and I am eager to engage in constructive dialogue to find a mutually beneficial solution.

Thank you for considering my inquiry. If you have any questions or need additional information, please feel free to reach out.

Sincerely,

[Your Name]

Download Template
Step 6: Attend or Decide Not to Attend Based on Communication
  • Attend the venue/event with your medication and medical device if the outcome is positive.
  • Remind the venue/event hosts about the importance of training staff and security on this matter.

Template Email of Acknowledgment and Clarification

Dear [Venue/Event Organiser's Name],

I hope this message finds you well. I appreciate your positive response regarding the use of nebuliser devices at [Venue/Event Name]. Your commitment to creating an inclusive environment is commendable, and I am grateful for your understanding of diverse health needs.

To ensure a seamless experience for all attendees, especially those with medical requirements like myself, I would like to request that your staff and security team are made aware of my attendance, including the fact that I may be using my CBPM with a heated nebuliser device (dry herb vaporiser) for health reasons. This proactive measure will help avoid any confusion during the event and contribute to a more inclusive atmosphere.

I am willing to provide any additional information or documentation necessary to facilitate this process. 

Once again, thank you for your positive response and commitment to inclusivity. I look forward to attending [Venue/Event Name] with the assurance that my medical needs will be accommodated appropriately.

If you have any further instructions or if there's anything else I should be aware of, please do not hesitate to inform me.

Sincerely,

[Your Name]

Download Template

Venue Protocol Read More »

Using my medical cannabis outside of Devon & Cornwall Police Headquarters

Sanskara and Seed our Future Begin Work with Local Police

In August 2023 I was relaxing by the seafront in Plymouth with my sister on what should have been a pleasant day. Instead, around 10 minutes after taking my medication, two police officers arrived who refused to accept my medication was legal and proceeded to detain me for 6 hours. Following my arrest I realised just how widespread the challenges facing medical cannabis patients were and decided to join The Sanskara Platform. 

After my release, Devon & Cornwall Police admitted they were “ill equipped to deal with patients lawfully in possession of cannabis”. I liaised with the Diverse Community and Serious Organised Crime Branches where they have confirmed the force are implementing a number of packages, including training for frontline police officers in being able to identify genuine medicinal cannabis patients and clarification that a medical cannabis card is not required. 

Despite the implementation of these packages, there are still a number of challenges that remain for medical cannabis patients, one such example is driving. Devon & Cornwall Police advised “If a positive test is obtained it is likely to lead to the arrest and detention of the driver on suspicion of being ‘unfit to drive through drink or drugs (S.5 RTA)’. Not until the individual has been through the ‘police custody experience’ would any lawfully defence such as a prescription be considered.”

Devon & Cornwall Police were open for further engagement on these challenges, so I got in contact with Guy Coxall from Seed our Future. Guy is a court expert on Cannabis and the Road Traffic Act, and lead author on the Cannabis Industry Council guidance on Cannabis and Driving. He was very happy to join the discussions. I got back in touch with the force and a meeting was arranged at their Headquarters in Exeter on 4th January 2024. 

At the meeting we were joined by a number of stakeholders from Devon & Cornwall Police including a Drug Expert Witness, Diverse Communities Officer, Road Traffic Officer and Drug Impairment Lead. Guy did a presentation on the Road Traffic Act and Swab Tests which generated a number of interesting discussions. In addition we touched on a number of other issues facing medical cannabis patients such as discrimination and hate crime risk, and employees of the force using their medication.

We also received a number of interesting updates including the training package Devon & Cornwall Police developed being shared with 18 police forces, and processes being put in place so people in police custody can use their legally prescribed medication. Devon & Cornwall Police will share a report on their work so far.

In the end we didn’t have time to discuss all points, and I think we all came away with more questions than answers! But the day set a foundation for future work with Devon & Cornwall Police, and The Sanskara Platform and Seed Our Future will continue to work with the Force to address these issues. Our hope is that this work will continue to spread beyond Devon and Cornwall across the UK for the benefit of all patients.

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The Sanskara Platform CIC Appointed UK Representative to IACM Patients Council

Empowering Patients Worldwide

We are thrilled to announce a significant milestone for The Sanskara Platform CIC – our recent appointment as the UK representative to the International Alliance for Cannabinoid Medicines (IACM) Patients Council. This prestigious position marks a new chapter in our commitment to advocating for patient rights and fostering collaboration on a global scale.

About IACM Patients Council

The IACM Patients Council is a dynamic coalition of patient organisations from around the world. Its primary objective is to provide a unified voice for patients in the rapidly evolving landscape of medicinal cannabis. By working collectively, these organisations aim to safeguard the rights and interests of patients and ensure their perspectives are integral to the ongoing developments in medicinal cannabis.

Our Role as the UK Representative

As the UK representative to the IACM Patients Council, The Sanskara Platform CIC is honoured to take on the responsibility of championing the concerns, aspirations, and needs of patients in the United Kingdom. This role aligns seamlessly with our core mission of promoting a patient-centric approach to medical cannabis advocacy.

Key Focus Areas

  1. Global Collaboration: We look forward to actively engaging with patient organisations worldwide. By fostering international collaboration, we can share insights, best practices, and advocate for the common goal of improving patient access and rights.
  2. Information Exchange: Our role involves facilitating the exchange of information between patients, organisations, and key stakeholders. By doing so, we aim to contribute to the creation of a well-informed and empowered patient community.
  3. Advocacy and Education: Through our representation, we will advocate for policies that prioritise patient well-being. Education will be a focal point, ensuring that patients are equipped with the knowledge to make informed decisions about their healthcare.

The Sanskara Platform CIC’s Commitment

Our journey with the IACM Patients Council is not just about representation; it’s about effecting positive change. The Sanskara Platform CIC is committed to leveraging this opportunity to enhance the dialogue surrounding medicinal cannabis, challenge stigmas, and drive initiatives that benefit patients globally.

We express our gratitude to our supporters, volunteers, and the entire medical cannabis community. Your encouragement has been instrumental in reaching this milestone. Together, let’s continue advancing patient-centric approaches to medical cannabis and shaping a more compassionate and informed world.

Empowering Patients, Transforming Lives.

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Water Activity: A Guide for Medical Cannabis Producers

Water Activity: A Guide for Medical Cannabis Producers 

Introduction

As the global demand for medical cannabis continues to surge, the attention to quality control measures becomes increasingly critical. One such parameter gaining prominence in the cannabis industry is water activity (aw). This blog delves into the multifaceted role of water activity, extending beyond its conventional association with edibles and food safety. Specifically, we explore its impact on microbial stability, storage stability of harvested buds and extracts, its correlation to product quality attributes, and its implications for shelf life. Additionally, we discuss its current inclusion in state regulations and emphasise the need for a holistic understanding of water activity in the cannabis industry.

The Theory of Water Activity

Water activity is not a novel concept but is deeply rooted in the fundamental laws of thermodynamics, as per Gibb’s free energy equation. It represents the relative chemical potential energy of water in a system, measured by the partial vapour pressure of water in a headspace at equilibrium with the sample. This comprehensive understanding helps differentiate water activity from moisture content, with water activity providing a more accurate indication of microbial, chemical, and physical stability in cannabis products.

Water Activity and Microbial Safety

Microbial contamination poses a significant threat to cannabis products, leading to allergic reactions, respiratory complications, or food borne illnesses. Water activity serves as a critical control point for preventing microbial contamination, dictating the ability of microorganisms to grow and reproduce. While moisture content is an extensive property related to purity, water activity is an intensive property directly influencing microbial growth limits. Establishing water activity below 0.63 aw is crucial for ensuring shelf stability, preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria and moulds that could compromise product safety.

Water Activity and Chemical Stability

Water activity is not only a guardian against microbial growth but also a determinant of chemical stability in cannabis products. Processing biomass and edibles to water activities below 0.63 aw mitigates the risk of microbial spoilage but doesn’t guarantee unlimited shelf life. Chemical degradation, such as tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) loss due to decarboxylation, becomes a pertinent concern. Water activity influences reaction rates, with lower water activity correlating with minimised chemical degradation. The hygrothermal time model is a valuable tool for predicting reaction rates and establishing the ideal water activity range for maximising shelf life while minimising chemical degradation.

Water Activity and Storage Stability

Harvested cannabis must be adequately dried to facilitate storage and transport. Water activity below 0.63 aw is essential to prevent mould growth, particularly in dried biomass. Adequate packaging, with good moisture barrier properties, becomes imperative to preserve water activity levels during storage and transport.

Water Activity and Regulations

While water activity is recognised for its role in ensuring the safety and stability of cannabis products, its inclusion in state regulations varies. States like Nevada, California, Oregon, and Washington have incorporated water activity testing requirements into their regulations. Additionally, ASTM standards have been established to standardise water activity testing in the cannabis industry, emphasising its importance in maintaining product quality and safety.

Conclusion

In the dynamic landscape of the medical cannabis industry, water activity emerges as a versatile and indispensable parameter. Its influence extends from microbial safety to chemical stability, storage stability, and overall product quality. For medical cannabis producers eyeing the UK market, understanding and controlling water activity is not just a standard to maintain but a strategic move to ensure the longevity, safety, and efficacy of their products. As the industry continues to evolve, embracing the multifaceted significance of water activity will undoubtedly set exporters apart, fostering a reputation for excellence and reliability in the global market.

References

  1. D.S. Reid, Water Activity in Foods (Blackwell Publishing and the Institute of Food Technologists, Ames, Iowa, 2007) pp. 15–28.
  2. A.J. Fontana, Water Activity in Foods (Blackwell Publishing and the Institute of Food Technologists, Ames, Iowa, 2007) pp. 155–171.
  3. M.S. Tapia, S.M. Alzamora, and J. Chirife, Water Activity in Foods (Blackwell Publishing and the Institute of Food Technologists, Ames, Iowa, 2007) pp. 239–271.
  4. L. Beuchat, J. Food Prot.46(2), 135–141 (1983).
  5. W. Scott, Adv. Food Res.7,83–127 (1957).
  6. National Cannabis Industry Association. https://thecannabisindustry.org/ncia-news-resources/state-by-state-policies/. (June 2019).
  7. H. Lueng, Water Activity: Theory and Applications to Food (Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, New York, 1987) pp. 27–45.
  8. B.P Carter, R.M. Syamaladevi, M.T. Galloway, G.S. Campbell, and S.S. Sablani, Proceedings for the 8th Shelf Life International Meeting, U. Klinkesorn, Ed. (Bangkok, Thailand: Kasetsart University, 2017) pp. 40–45.
  9. H. Eyring, J. Chem. Phys.4, 283 (1936).
  10. The What, How, and Why of Water Activity in Cannabis. https://www.cannabissciencetech.com/view/what-how-and-why-water-activity-cannabis/ (December 2023).
  11. Water Activity And Cannabis. https://aqualab.com/en/knowledge-base/webinars/water-activity-and-cannabis/ (December 2023),

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Use of Prescription Cannabis at Work

The Sanskara Platform and Seed Our Future Co-Author Report with Cannabis Industry Council Urging Employers to Support Prescription Cannabis Patients

07/11/2023 – The Sanskara Platform, in collaboration with Seed Our Future, is pleased to announce the release of an important report addressing the rights of prescription cannabis patients in the workplace. This ground-breaking report, titled ‘The Use of Prescription Cannabis at Work,’ has been authored by Mohammad Wasway, Founder of The Sanskara Platform, and Guy Coxall, Founder of Seed Our Future. It forms a crucial part of the Standards Working Group within the Cannabis Industry Council (CIC).

The report, highlighted by the CIC, reveals a pressing issue affecting prescription cannabis patients and their rights in the workplace. It suggests that current employer practices may put them at risk of breaching the Equality Act. The Act mandates that employers must make reasonable adjustments to accommodate individuals with disabilities, which includes many prescription cannabis patients who often suffer from chronic pain and disabilities.

The CIC’s report underscores the necessity for employers to treat prescription cannabis patients just like any other medical patients, aligning with their legal obligations under the Equality Act 2010 and the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974.

Report co-authors, Mohammad Wasway and Guy Coxall, expressed their concerns, stating, “We have heard from many concerned and vulnerable patients who have been harassed and mistreated by their employers simply for taking their prescription medication. We urge businesses to support their employees and implement sensible and proportionate solutions that will improve employee wellbeing and productivity.”

Elisabetta Faenza, Chair of the CIC Standards Working Group, emphasised the Council’s commitment to upholding workplace rights for prescription cannabis patients, asserting, “The Cannabis Industry Council will be working with employers and unions to uphold workplace rights for prescription cannabis patients, based on law, medicine, and basic compassion. Many businesses say they are committed to equality, diversity, and inclusivity, yet often underdeliver. Now is the time for employers to step up and support ill and disabled employees.”

The report not only sheds light on the medical context surrounding prescription cannabis but also suggests ways to manage its usage by employees. It includes user-friendly flowcharts and illustrative case studies to help employers navigate this complex issue.

Since 2018, specialist doctors have had the authority to prescribe cannabis medicines to their patients, who are then legally permitted to possess and consume this medication. Employers who fail to uphold the workplace rights of patients, including both employees and job applicants, face the risk of being taken to an employment tribunal.

This report is a significant step towards ensuring that prescription cannabis patients receive fair treatment and protection under the law. It calls upon employers to support their employees’ medical needs and uphold the principles of equality, diversity, and inclusivity in the workplace.

Read the report here

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The Cannabis Plant: Nature’s Gift Unveiled

Cannabis Bud AI Generated Image

Introduction

The cannabis plant, scientifically known as Cannabis sativa, has been a part of human history for millennia, revered for its versatility and medicinal properties. In this comprehensive blog, we will explore the fascinating anatomy, life cycle, pollination methods, defence mechanisms, habitats, and diverse types, shapes, and colours of the cannabis plant. Let’s embark on this journey of discovery and unravel the enigmatic world of cannabis.

Anatomy of the Cannabis Plant

The cannabis plant is a hardy, dioecious flowering plant, meaning it has separate male and female reproductive structures. Below is a simple table illustrating the basic anatomy of the cannabis plant:

Plant PartFunction
LeavesPhotosynthesis and transpiration
StemsSupport, nutrient transport, and storage
Flowers (Buds)Reproductive structures containing cannabinoids
SeedsReproduction and dispersal of the species
RootsAnchoring, nutrient and water absorption

1. Cola:

The Cola refers to the cluster of buds at the top of the female cannabis plant. It contains high concentrations of cannabinoids, such as THC and CBD, making it a crucial component for medical cannabis production. Colas are carefully cultivated and harvested for their therapeutic properties, contributing to the medicinal benefits of the plant.

2. Sugar Leaf:

Sugar Leaves are the small, sugar-coated leaves that surround the Cola and other buds. These leaves contain trichomes, which are resin-producing glands responsible for synthesising cannabinoids and terpenes. Sugar Leaves are also utilised in medical cannabis preparations due to their cannabinoid-rich content.

3. Pistil and Stigma:

Pistils and Stigmas are the reproductive structures of the female cannabis plant. The Pistil consists of the Stigma, which is a hair-like structure designed to capture pollen during pollination. While cannabis growers typically remove male plants to prevent seed development, these female reproductive components play a significant role in medical cannabis production as they are rich in cannabinoids and other beneficial compounds.

4. Trichomes:

Trichomes are tiny, crystal-like structures that cover the surface of cannabis plants, including the Cola and Sugar Leaves. These structures are the powerhouse of medicinal compounds, housing a majority of the cannabinoids and terpenes responsible for the therapeutic effects of medical cannabis. Trichomes are carefully preserved during harvesting to ensure maximum medicinal potency.

5. Fan Leaf:

Fan Leaves are the large, fan-shaped leaves that emerge from the cannabis plant’s branches. While they contain minimal cannabinoid content, they play a crucial role in the photosynthesis process, providing the plant with the energy it needs to produce therapeutic compounds. Fan Leaves also contribute to the overall health and vigour of the medical cannabis plant.

6. Bract and Calyx:

Bracts are modified leaves found at the base of each Cola, while Calyxes are small, cup-like structures that encase the cannabis seeds when pollinated. While Bracts and Calyxes have limited cannabinoid content, they are essential components for medical cannabis growers as they protect and support seed development, which is crucial for strain preservation and breeding purposes.

Life Cycle of the Cannabis Plant

The life cycle of the cannabis plant consists of several stages, each crucial for its survival and propagation. Let’s take a look at the key phases:

  1. Germination: The life cycle begins with a seed, which germinates when exposed to water, light, and suitable temperature conditions.
  2. Vegetative Stage: During this phase, the plant focuses on vegetative growth, producing leaves and stems. It requires ample light, nutrients, and water.
  3. Flowering Stage: As the plant matures, it enters the flowering stage. Female plants develop buds containing cannabinoids, while male plants produce pollen for pollination.
  4. Pollination: Cannabis plants employ various pollination methods, primarily wind pollination or insect-facilitated pollination.
  5. Seed Production: If pollination is successful, female plants produce seeds within their buds.
  6. Death and Decay: After seed production, the plant completes its life cycle and eventually dies or goes dormant.

Pollination Methods of the Cannabis Plant

The cannabis plant has developed different strategies for pollination. The two main methods are:

  1. Wind Pollination: In this method, male cannabis plants release pollen grains into the air, which are carried by the wind and may land on female flowers, leading to fertilisation and seed production.
  2. Insect-Facilitated Pollination: Some cannabis strains have co-evolved with insects like bees and butterflies to facilitate pollination. These insects visit male flowers, collect pollen, and transfer it to female flowers, aiding in fertilisation.

Defence Mechanisms of the Cannabis Plant

To protect itself from predators and environmental stressors, the cannabis plant deploys various defence mechanisms. These include:

  1. Cannabinoids: Cannabis plants produce a range of cannabinoids, including THC and CBD, which can deter herbivores and insects.
  2. Trichomes: Tiny hair-like structures on the surface of cannabis leaves and buds secrete resin, which contains cannabinoids and terpenes that can repel pests.
  3. Smell: The strong aroma produced by cannabis plants can attract pollinators and beneficial insects while repelling potential threats.
  4. Adaptability: Cannabis plants can adjust their growth patterns and chemistry in response to environmental conditions, enabling them to survive in various habitats.

Habitats of the Cannabis Plant

The cannabis plant is remarkably adaptable and can thrive in diverse habitats, including:

  1. Outdoor Environments: Cannabis grows well in temperate climates with long growing seasons, such as parts of North America, Europe, and Asia.
  2. Indoor Cultivation: Controlled indoor environments with appropriate lighting, temperature, and humidity can also support cannabis growth.
  3. Greenhouses: Greenhouses offer a balance between outdoor and indoor cultivation, providing a controlled environment with natural light.

Various Types, Shapes, and Colours of Cannabis

Cannabis exhibits a wide array of types, shapes, and colours, influenced by factors such as genetics, cultivation techniques, and environmental conditions. Below are some common cannabis types:

TypeShapeColour
SativaTall, slenderLight green, orange, yellow
IndicaShort, bushyDark green, purple
RuderalisSmall and ruggedPale green
HybridsVaries depending on mixCombination of colours

Conclusion

The cannabis plant is a remarkable botanical wonder, with a rich history and countless applications in various fields. Understanding its anatomy, life cycle, pollination methods, defence mechanisms, habitats, and diverse characteristics can foster appreciation for this extraordinary plant. Whether it’s for medical purposes, recreational use, or industrial applications, the cannabis plant continues to intrigue and amaze humanity, reminding us of the wonders of nature.

Disclaimer:
This post aims to provide general information about the cannabis plant. Cultivation, possession, and use of cannabis is illegal without the correct authorisation Always abide by the laws and regulations put in place. Consult a qualified professional for personalised advice related to medical cannabis.

Terpenes: Unveiling Nature’s Aromatic Healers in Cannabis
Understanding the Endocannabinoid System
A Comprehensive Guide to the Endocannabinoid System, Cannabinoids, Terpenes, Flavonoids, and More

The Cannabis Plant: Nature’s Gift Unveiled Read More »

Dosing Guidance for Dry Herb Vaporising

Dry herb vaporising offers a precise and efficient way to consume cannabis, allowing users to experience the therapeutic benefits of cannabinoids and terpenes without the potential harms associated with smoking. To ensure a safe and enjoyable vaporising experience, it’s essential to understand the boiling points of various terpenes and cannabinoids and how they impact the effects of cannabis.

Importance of Temperature Control
Temperature control is a critical aspect of dry herb vaporising, as different compounds in cannabis vaporise at specific temperatures. By adjusting the temperature, users can target specific cannabinoids and terpenes to customise their experience.

Boiling Points of Common Cannabinoids

Cannabinoid Boiling Point (°C)
THC 157°C
CBD 160-180°C
CBG 52-65°C
CBN 185°C
CBC 220°C
THCV 220°C

Boiling Points of Common Terpenes

Terpene Boiling Point (°C)
Myrcene 167°C
Limonene 176°C
Pinene 155°C
Linalool 198°C
Caryophyllene 130°C
Humulene 198°C
Terpinolene 185°C
Bisabolol 329°C
Eucalyptol 176°C
Guaiol 167°C
Nerolidol 161°C
Phytol 160°C

Dosage and Temperature Recommendations:

Cannabinoid / Terpene Temperature Range (°C) Potential Effects and Benefits
THC 157°C Euphoria, Relaxation, Pain Relief
CBD 160-180°C Anti-inflammatory, Anxiolytic, Anticonvulsant
CBG 52-65°C Neuroprotective, Anti-inflammatory, Potential Antibacterial Effects
CBN 185°C Mild Sedation, Potential Sleep Aid
CBC 220°C Anti-inflammatory, Potential Antidepressant Effects
THCV 220°C Potential Appetite Suppressant, Anticonvulsant
Myrcene 167°C Sedating, Relaxing, Potential Anti-inflammatory Effects
Limonene 176°C Uplifting, Mood-Enhancing, Potential Antioxidant Effects
Pinene 155°C Alertness, Memory Enhancement, Potential Bronchodilator
Linalool 198°C Calming, Stress-Reducing, Potential Analgesic Effects
Caryophyllene 130°C Anti-inflammatory, Potential Gastro-protective Effects, No Psychoactive effects
Humulene 198°C Anti-inflammatory, Potential Appetite Suppressant
Terpinolene 185°C Uplifting, Potential Antioxidant and Anticancer Effects
Bisabolol 329°C Calming, Potential Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects
Eucalyptol 176°C Potential Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects
Guaiol 167°C Potential Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects
Nerolidol 161°C Calming, Potential Sedative and Anti-fungal Effects
Phytol 160°C Potential Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects

Dosage Recommendations
Dosage for dry herb vaporising depends on several factors, including individual tolerance, desired effects, the potency of the cannabis strain and prescriber’s guidance. Start with a low dose and gradually increase until the desired effects are achieved.

Safety Considerations
Always use a reputable vaporiser with accurate temperature controls to ensure precise dosing and avoid combustion. High temperatures (above 230°C) may produce harmful by-products and should be avoided.

Conclusion
Dry herb vaporising provides a customisable and controlled method of cannabis consumption. Understanding the boiling points of cannabinoids and a wide range of terpenes allows users to fine-tune their experience and target specific effects. Start with low temperatures and dosage, gradually increasing as needed, to enjoy the full potential of cannabinoids and terpenes while minimising potential adverse effects.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this context is intended for general informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice under any circumstances. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional or medical practitioner before making any decisions or taking any actions related to medical treatment or dosing. The content here does not replace professional medical guidance, and any reliance on the information presented is at your own risk. We strive to maintain accuracy and up-to-date information; however, we do not warrant the completeness, reliability, or validity of the information provided. Therefore, we disclaim any liability for any adverse outcomes or damages arising from the use or misuse of the information mentioned here. Always seek personalised medical advice from a licensed healthcare provider for your specific medical condition or situation.

Dosing Guidance for Dry Herb Vaporising Read More »

Releaf Report Reveals Limited Access and Lack of Awareness Surrounding Medicinal Cannabis in the UK

Introduction


Releaf, the UK’s first all-in-one medicinal cannabis e-clinic, has released the findings of its comprehensive report on medicinal cannabis usage in the country. The report, based on a survey of 4,210 respondents, highlights the significant lack of prescriptions and widespread public unawareness of the legal status of medicinal cannabis in the UK. In this blog post, we will delve into the key insights from the report and shed light on the challenges faced by patients and the need for increased awareness and access to this alternative treatment option.

releaf.co.uk

High Eligibility, Low Prescription Rates


The Releaf report reveals that an estimated 50.2% of the UK population, approximately 29.6 million people, could be eligible for a medicinal cannabis prescription. However, only 0.48% of the population has received such a prescription. This significant disparity highlights the limited availability of medical cannabis and the challenges patients face in accessing this potentially beneficial treatment.

releaf.co.uk

Distress and Discomfort of Untreated Conditions


Among the respondents with conditions suitable for medicinal cannabis treatment, 45.6% reported living with significant distress and discomfort. Chronic pain, depression, cancer, and migraines were cited as some of the most prevalent treatable illnesses. These findings emphasise the potential for medical cannabis to alleviate suffering and improve the quality of life for individuals living with these conditions.

releaf.co.uk

Lack of Awareness of Legal Status


Despite the legalisation of medicinal cannabis for prescriptions in 2018, the report indicates that 58.5% of respondents were unsure of its legal status in the UK. This lack of awareness contributes to the societal stigma surrounding medical cannabis and inhibits patients from exploring it as a viable treatment option.

releaf.co.uk

Social Stigma and Hesitation


The Releaf report highlights the social stigma associated with medicinal cannabis use. Approximately 34.16% of respondents expressed concerns about using medical cannabis due to the fear of being mistaken for engaging in illegal activities. Moreover, 16.86% of participants worried about disapproval from friends and family, indicating the need for a more open and understanding societal attitude towards this form of treatment.

releaf.co.uk

Medicinal Cannabis Benefits


Medicinal cannabis was legalised in the UK for prescriptions in 2018, and numerous studies have documented its potential to improve symptoms such as chronic pain, fatigue, anxiety, and more. Conditions eligible for medicinal cannabis treatment include chronic pain, depression, cancer, and migraines. Data from the Releaf report showed that 19.74% of respondents reported having anxiety, making it the most prevalent diagnosed condition suitable for medical cannabis treatment.

The Call for Awareness and Change


Mason Soiza, founder and CEO of Releaf, emphasises the importance of spreading awareness and challenging negative perceptions surrounding medicinal cannabis. The report reveals that over two-thirds (67.67%) of people would consider using medical cannabis as a treatment option. This highlights the potential benefits associated with medicinal cannabis and the need to change societal beliefs to provide access to those who can clinically benefit from it.

Dr. Stephen D’Souza, Medical Director at Releaf, further stresses the need for additional research on the efficacy of medicinal cannabis and the potential to treat symptoms like depression, migraines, and gut health. With more research, the goal is to spread greater awareness and change public perceptions regarding this alternative form of treatment.

Releaf’s All-in-One Medicinal Cannabis E-Clinic
As part of its campaign, Releaf plans to launch the UK’s first all-in-one medicinal cannabis e-clinic later this summer. The platform offers a wholly online, discreet service for those seeking an assessment for prescription medical cannabis. The unique approach involves video consultations with leading cannabis specialist doctors, offering personalised strains and recommended dosages, and facilitating the prescription process.

releaf.co.uk

Conclusion


The Releaf report highlights the significant lack of prescriptions and public awareness regarding medicinal cannabis in the UK. With a high proportion of the population eligible for this form of treatment, it is crucial to address the barriers to access and reduce the social stigma associated with medical cannabis. By increasing awareness and understanding, the potential benefits of medicinal cannabis can be realised, improving the lives of millions of individuals living with treatable conditions. Releaf’s report serves as a call to action for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the public to support evidence-based policies and create a more inclusive and informed environment for patients seeking alternative treatment options like medical cannabis.

Note: The information presented in this blog post is based on the findings of the Releaf report and the associated press release. For more details and to access the full report, please visit the Releaf website at releaf.co.uk.

To support The Sanskara Platform with our mission to raise awareness and increase access to medical cannabis, visit our support us page and check out our patient outreach page.

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